The Concept of Agricultural Productivity on Ecosystem Scale and Its Measurement

What is the connotation and the extension of the productivity concept and how to calculate it are the core problems in evaluating an agricultural-production process. The attributes of agricultural production processes have changed greatly in the last 100 years, and the methods to describe and measure the productivity failed to keep in pace with the production processes, resulting in a totally vague, incomplete evaluation of the production processes. Sometimes the serious problem of pollution is ignored in the race to shortdated money making, thus leading to a blooming and flooding pollution; sometimes the great ecological benefits are ignored and the corresponding production processes suffer drastically from “economic deficit”. With the old agricultural productivity indices, no prediction can be made of the ultimate effects of agroecosytem on mankind-pollution or welfare. A new concept, agricultural productivity on ecosystem scale （APES） and the related indices are defined here to solve these problems. Emergy and exergy are introduced to help the measurement of the indices. Emergy is the memory of energy, which can be used to measure the total cost, including natural capital and social capital. APES of the agroecosystem is the aggregated contributions of all components to mankind and its habitat in uniformed dimensions, it may be expressed in material, energy, information, organization, pollution and damage, etc., positive or negative, and are calculated based on exergy methods. And a related index agroecological coupling degree （ACD） shows sustainability.     

严重侵蚀红壤封禁管理后群落的生物量及生产力变化

研究了严重侵蚀红壤采取人工施肥，补植与封山育林相结合进行治理（称封禁管理）的马尾松群落的生物量和生产力，结果表明：封禁管理的马尾松平均木生物量是对照的40．0倍，乔木层和林下植被层生物量分别为61．117t.hm^-2和1．598t.hm^-2，是对照的128．4倍和4．4倍，封禁管理群落的年净生长量是对照的28．7倍，乔木层的净生长量是对照的105．2倍，林下植被的是对照的3．0倍，治理后林地出现苔藓层，生物量为0．883t.hm^-2。因此，严重侵蚀红壤封禁管理后植被生物量的恢复演替速度较快，生产力较高，表4参12。     

我国湿地松主要引种区气候区划的研究

选择了１６个与水热状况有关的气象因子，作Ｒ型主成分分析，用前５个主成分坐标作模糊ＩＳＯＤＡＴＡ聚类分析，将研究区划分为５类，用逐步判别分析建立了各类的判别函数式，回判准确率为８９．３５％，然后结合模糊相似优先比的结果，将我国湿地松主林引种区域分为气候最适宜引种区，气候适宜引种区和气候次适宜引种区３个气候区，湿热气候最适宜引种亚区，湿润气候最适宜引种亚区，温暖气候适宜引种亚区，温和气候适宜引种亚区４     

望新水产良种场鱼苗生产综合分析

本文根据望新水产良种场计算机储存的数据，对亲鱼生产效率、亲鱼使用率、鱼苗生产成本和鱼苗销售等有关问题进行综合分析。结果表明，该场投产的亲鱼大多处于壮年期；该场投产的亲鱼只占生产用亲鱼的60％左右；饲料、维修、材料等价格上涨是鱼苗生产成本上升的主要因素；该场鱼苗合同完成率、鱼苗销售品种、数量及地区都发生了新的变化，但北方地区仍占该场鱼苗销售量的70％左右。     

雷州半岛桉树生产力制约因素分析

在全面调查了短轮伐期桉树生态系统特征的基础上，对制约桉对生产力的若干因素－－气候，土壤。品种，肥料，管理和投资结构，进行综合分析与评价。探讨获得高产的同时又保护生态环境各因素的较佳选择，为桉树人工林合理经营提供理论依据。     

云南杨梅种植气候生态适应性的统计分析

 以影响杨梅产量和果实品质的气候要素资料，借助SAS,DPS统计软件进行多元统计分析。主成分分析结果表明，前3个主成分的累计贡献率达到87.44%，第1主成分表现为水分因子的影响，第2主成分表现为温度因子的影响，第3主成分表现为温度和干燥度对不同海拔高度的地区的综合影响为地形因素。R型聚类分析显示，14个气候要素可分为4类，分别为：温度因子、水分因子、干燥度因子和地形因子。两种分析共同揭示了影响杨梅生长和果实品质的气候因子组成。为提高杨梅产量，果实品质和杨梅栽培区划提供新的理论依据。     

GIS支持下的福建省林地气候潜在生产力空间分异与分区

借助地理信息系统和数学模型集成技术,利用福建省气象观测资料推算出全省年均温度、降水量和实际蒸散量 125m×125m空间栅格数据,进而探讨全省林地气候潜在生产力空间分异及其分区.结果表明,福建省林地气候潜在生产力为1163. 8-2455. 4g·m-2·a-1,其空间分异呈现由低海拔向高海拔以及由闽南向闽西、闽中、闽北和闽东递减的趋势.全省林地以高、中气候潜在生产力区占优势,分别占全省林地总面积的 68. 32%和 30. 46%.     

砖窑沟流域糜子农田水分平衡及其调节

采用田间定位观测,探讨了砖窑沟流域土壤贮水供水基本性质、糜子耗水规律与水分供需平衡及其调节措施。结果表明,当地土壤具有较好的蓄水供水功能。糜子耗水量随产量提高而增加,亩产115kg 的耗水量为254mm,亩产233kg 的耗水量为301mm,其中苗期耗水约占10%,分蘖期约21%,拔节期35%,抽穗成熟期为34%左右。总降水能满足糜子耗水要求,土壤供水起到年度及阶段调节作用。增加肥料投入,合理耕作,适当调整播期与密度是合理调节利用土壤水分,提高作物产量与水分利用效率的有效措施。     

Influence of food availability,plant productivity,and indigenous forest use on ranging behavior of the endangered samango monkey (Cercopithecus albogularis schwarzi), in the Soutpansberg Mountains,South Africa

Understanding the determinants of ranging patterns in species susceptible to habitat fragmentation is fundamental for assessing their long‐term adaptability to an increasingly human‐dominated landscape. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the influence of ground‐based food availability, remotely sensed plant productivity, and indigenous forest use on the ranging patterns of the endangered samango monkey (Cercopithecus albogularis schwarzi). We collected monthly ranging data on two habituated samango monkey groups, from February 2012 to December 2016, from our field site in the Soutpansberg Mountains, South Africa. We used linear mixed models to explore how food availability, plant productivity, and indigenous forest use influenced monthly ranging patterns, while controlling for group size, number of sample days and day length. We found that as more areas of high plant productivity (derived from remotely sensed EVI) were incorporated into the ranging area, both total and core monthly ranging areas decreased. In addition, both total ranging area and mean monthly daily path length decreased as more indigenous forest was incorporated into the ranging area. However, we found no effect of either ground‐based food availability or remotely sensed plant productivity on ranging patterns. Our findings demonstrate the behavioral flexibility in samango monkey ranging, as samangos can utilize matrix habitat during periods of low productivity but are ultimately dependent on access to indigenous forest patches. In addition, we highlight the potential of using remotely sensed areas of high plant productivity to predict ranging patterns in a small ranging, forest‐dwelling guenon, over ground‐based estimates of food availability.